Archive for July, 2011

Linguistic Situation in Serbia and Montenegro

Thursday, July 28th, 2011

Serbia and Montenegro became the public name of the nation as of February 4, 2003, as a result of the evolution of transformation of the country previously known as The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Serbia and Montenegro is the biggest share of the dissolved SFRY and made up of two republics: Serbia and Montenegro.
Within Serbia, there are two quasi-independent provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo. Kosovo has been under the protectorate of the United Nations from 1999. Linguistic policy and turns of time, title standards and names of different tongues played an important role in the number of ethnical conflicts that broke out from 1990 to 1999 and it is yet a super delicate problem in the total area of the Balkans. Best Italian translation
The state tongue of the Republic of Serbia is Serbian (with over 6 000 000 speakers in the area of Serbia aside from Kosovo, or 88% of the population); the same judicial status is given to both the Cyrillic and the Roman alphabet, although the former is preferred for Serbian state administration. Less spread languages, which are also in official use in the regions where they are spoken, are Hungarian (in line with the 2002 census data of the StatsOffice of the Republic of Serbia, approximated at 286 500 speakers), Bosnian (134 500 people), Romanian (82 000 speakers), Albanian (63 500 citizens), Slovakian (57 500 speakers), Valachian (55 000 speakers), Romanian (34 500 speakers), Croatian (27 500 speakers), Bulgarian (16 500 speakers), and Macedonian (14 500 speakers). Minority languages are used at all stages of upbringing: in early schools, high schools, and at technical schools and academies. The first linguistic effect of the political and ethnic processes of the 1990s is that the language that used to be officially named Serbo-Croat has received a number of new ethnically and politically grounded titles. As a result, the titles Serbo-Croat, Bosnianare governmentally determined and refer to the same language with possible few variations. The language has two major dialects, Ekavian and Ijekavian.
But, in general, Ekavian is spoken more in Serbia (and parts of Croatia), and Ijekavian is spoken to the large extent in Montenegro (and also in Bosnia, Herzegovina, and parts of Croatia), these dialects do not coincide with the ethnically motivated names.
The linguistic map in Kosovo is less clear at present, as about 300 000 refugees from this region, predominantly Serbs, are still on the stage of returning to their places. This situation makes the numbers of speakers reported unpredictable. These days, according to the authority of Kosovo, about 1 670 000, or 88% of the citizens of Kosovo, speak Albanian, and about 133 000, or 7%, are speakers of Serbian. The remains of the people (5%) speaks mostly Romanian, Bosnian, Greek. HQ-translate: from English into Greek translation
The official language of the Republic of Montenegro is Serbian, but there are modern developments to introduce the term Montenegrin, either equal to or instead of the name Serbian. Similar as with Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian, this term refers to the same language that used to be named Serbo-Croat, and is rather a matter of governmental decisions and convictions.
The Cyrillic and the Roman alphabet are officially in use. The 2003 census data from the Statistical Institute of the Republic of Montenegro demonstrate that around 401 500, or 60% of the inhabitants of Montenegro, declare themselves as speakers of Serbian, about 145 000 (22%) speak Montenegrin, nearly 49 500 (7%) speak Albanian, 29 000 (4%) are speakers of Bosnian, and about 3000 speak other languages.

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Sunday, July 3rd, 2011

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